![]() In 1968, she signed the " Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War. Her husband took a teaching position at City College of New York. Moving her family to New York in 1966, Rich became involved with the New Left and became heavily involved in anti-war, civil rights, and feminist activism. I realised I'd gotten slapped over the wrist, and I didn't attempt that kind of thing again for a long time." She comments, "I was seen as 'bitter' and 'personal' and to be personal was to be disqualified, and that was very shaking because I'd really gone out on a limb. In her 1982 essay "Split at the Root: An Essay on Jewish Identity", Rich states: "The experience of motherhood was eventually to radicalize me." The book met with harsh reviews. In 1963, Rich published her third collection, Snapshots of a Daughter-in-Law, which was a much more personal work examining her female identity, reflecting the increasing tensions she experienced as a wife and mother in the 1950s, marking a substantial change in Rich's style and subject matter. The 1960s began a period of change in Rich's life: she received the National Institute of Arts and Letters award (1960), her second Guggenheim Fellowship to work at the Netherlands Economic Institute (1961), and the Bollingen Foundation grant for the translation of Dutch poetry (1962). Her three children were born in 1955 (David), 1957 (Pablo) and 1959 (Jacob).ĭiving into the Wreck: Poems 1971–1972 (1973) to make sure I was still a poet." That year she also received the Ridgely Torrence Memorial Award from the Poetry Society of America. In 1955, she published her second volume, The Diamond Cutters, a collection she said she wished had not been published, saying "a lot of the poems are incredibly derivative," and citing a "pressure to produce again. I wanted what I saw as a full woman's life, whatever was possible." They settled in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and had three sons. She said of the match: "I married in part because I knew no better way to disconnect from my first family. In 1953, Rich married Alfred Haskell Conrad, an economics professor at Harvard University she met as an undergraduate. Following a visit to Florence, she chose not to return to Oxford, and spent her remaining time in Europe writing and exploring Italy. Following her graduation, Rich received a Guggenheim Fellowship to study at Oxford for a year. Auden for the Yale Series of Younger Poets Award he went on to write the introduction to the published volume. In 1951, her last year at college, Rich's first collection of poetry, A Change of World, was selected by the senior poet W. In later years, Rich went to Roland Park Country School, which she described as a "good old fashioned girls' school gave us fine role models of single women who were intellectually impassioned." After graduating from high school, Rich earned her college diploma at Radcliffe College, where she focused primarily on poetry and learning writing craft, encountering no women teachers at all. The poems Sources and After Dark document her relationship with her father, describing how she worked hard to fulfill her parents' ambitions for her-moving into a world in which she was expected to excel. Her father was ambitious for Adrienne and "planned to create a prodigy." Adrienne Rich and her younger sister were home schooled by their mother until Adrienne began public education in the fourth grade. Her interest in literature was sparked within her father's library, where she read the work of writers such as Ibsen, Arnold, Blake, Keats, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, and Tennyson. Adrienne Rich's early poetic influence stemmed from her father, who encouraged her to read but also to write her own poetry. Samuel Rice owned a successful shoe store in Birmingham. Her paternal grandfather Samuel Rice was an Ashkenazi immigrant from Košice in the Austro-Hungarian Empire (present day Slovakia), while his mother was a Sephardi Jew from Vicksburg, Mississippi. Her father was from a Jewish family, and her mother was a Southern Protestant the girls were raised as Christians. Her mother, Helen Elizabeth (Jones) Rich, was a concert pianist and a composer. Her father, pathologist Arnold Rice Rich, was the chairman of pathology at The Johns Hopkins Medical School. Adrienne Cecile Rich was born in Baltimore, Maryland, on May 16, 1929, the elder of two sisters. ![]()
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